Insomnia is defined as having difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, or persistently unrefreshing sleep.  One of the more common sleep disorders, the daytime consequences include not feeling refreshed, irritability, fatigue, and inattention.   

Narcolepsy is characterized by severe degrees of excessive sleepiness. There may be associated sudden loss of muscle tone and paralysis of voluntary muscles triggered by emotions like laughing.  Patients experience a desire to sleep that is overwhelming and requires frequent naps during the day to feel refreshed. 

Sleep Apnea is a sleep disorder that causes individuals to stop breathing repeatedly, even hundreds of times, during their sleep.  Obstructive sleep apnea is caused by a blockage of the airway, which disrupts sleep and causes drops of oxygen in the body.   

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is characterized by an irresistible urge to move the legs which is often accompanied by unusual or unpleasant sensations in the legs and is much worse in the evenings; moving the legs provides temporary relief.  RLS most often occurs in the evening and at night which causes a sever disruption to sleep.   

Chronic Insufficient Sleep is due to life style demands, stress and the rigors of society when individuals receive less than the recommended 7-8 hours of sleep each night.